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Historical archive. Facts and results reflect the period recorded.
Sandplatz
Clay is the most frequently used tennis-court surface and has the longest history of all surfaces. It is still used for many outdoor courts and has also become established indoors. Clay courts are usually red. The French Open is played on classic red clay, and clay courts are among the most widespread surfaces in Germany and worldwide. Matches on clay are generally slower than on other surfaces; the relatively hard ground quickly takes speed out of bouncing balls. For regular maintenance, the surface should be lightly moistened after play.
For the period after playing on clay, there are
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Rasenplatz
The grass court can offer the best conditions of all surfaces, although this depends heavily on the weather. Historically, grass represents the classic and refined form of tennis, and Wimbledon is rightly described as “royal”. The Wimbledon grass-court tournament is also one of the season’s major Grand Slams. Grass courts require considerably more care than other surfaces and can react very sensitively to weather. They are usually outdoors; indoor grass courts do exist, but are the exception. Play on grass is highly varied and demanding. On very short grass, the ball can reach above-average speed; longer grass slows play through its cushioning effect. If the grass is damp, players also face a greater risk of slipping.
Hartplatz
Like clay courts, hard courts contain small, very fine stones that make up the surface. Unlike clay courts, however, hard courts use volcanic ash. The finer material allows the court to be compacted more effectively. Hard courts are relatively inexpensive to install and can be used flexibly for many sporting events. Besides tennis, sports such as football and basketball can also be played on a hard court. Hard courts are therefore preferred to other surfaces, particularly in recreational sport. At professional level, hard courts are less common in tennis than clay and grass courts. The ball can bounce very strongly and far on this surface, so players with strong baseline strokes prefer it. The pace on hard courts is rather slow, and the material causes considerably greater ball wear. Tennis players’ shoes also suffer more and therefore do not last long with regular use. The risk of injury on hard courts is also significantly greater than on grass courts. Painful lacerations can occur comparatively easily.